Commodity Boom a Double-edged Sword for Africa

Powered by soaring commodity prices, Africa’s economic fortunes have been transformed since the turn of the century. This commodity boom was itself driven to a large extent by China’s resource-hungry investment-led growth model.

In 2012, China imported 17% of its fuels and 7% of its total mineral imports from Africa. Although commodity prices – from oil to precious metals and most things in between – remain elevated compared to late 20th century levels, what is often termed a decades-long ‘super cycle’ ran out of steam in the latter part of the 2000s. Commodity prices have since fallen, sometimes sharply, from their peaks.

Click here to read the full article.

Counting to 3%

One thing about the 2015 budget is for sure: the planned €2bn spending cuts and tax hikes will be watered down for reasons both economic and political.

Ever since the Troika left late last year, the government has been making noises about easing the burden of austerity on Irish families. There is also a sense that now Ireland has ‘regained its sovereignty’, and that the economic emergency can be considered over, people are not willing to wear the hair-shirt any longer. This is precisely the message the governing parties have taken from the drubbing they received in the recent local and European elections.
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Bubble, bubble, toil and trouble?

We are a nation obsessed with the price of bricks and mortar. During the heady days of the Celtic Tiger, people would marvel that they were ‘earning’ more through the increase in the value of their home than in their wages. Having peaked in 2007, prices cratered and many of the same people, mortgaged to the hilt, were acutely aware of just how deep a ‘negative equity’ hole they were in.

The run-up in prices in the decade to 2007 was a textbook ‘bubble’, fuelled by a toxic mix of easy credit, frantic speculation and suspended belief. When the bubble burst, prices more than halved and the number of homes being bought and sold – along with the credit to finance them – dried up.
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Definitive take on Ireland’s boom and bust

Insightful if controversial book sets out a hierarchy of blame, with joyriding politicians at the top…

Click here to read my Irish Times review of The Fall of the Celtic Tiger: Ireland & the Euro by Donal Donovan and Antoin E. Murphy.

More Equality, More Growth?

More equal societies almost always do better. This was the sub-title of Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett’s important 2009 book, The Spirit Level, in which they demonstrate the correlation between lower income inequality and better societal outcomes across eleven different dimensions both among US states and across a wide range of advanced economies.

More equal societies, they found, tend to have better physical and mental health, more trust and social mobility, less obesity and violence, and lower incidence of incarceration and teenage pregnancy. Echoing JK Galbraith’s famous contrast between ‘private affluence and public squalor’, the first part of Wilkinson and Pickett’s book is titled ‘material success, social failure’.

The implication, that there is a necessary trade-off between more equality and lower economic growth, is one that has long held sway with mainstream economists and right-wing politicians. Increasingly, however, the economics profession – if not yet the right-wing politicians! – are coming around to the idea that while a certain amount of inequality may be necessary to underpin economic dynamism – so there are incentives for hard work and innovation – too much inequality actually undermines economic growth.
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East African Monetary Union – Proceed with Caution

While the economic woes of today’s Eurozone may give pause for thought on the pursuit of regional monetary union, African leaders remain steadfast in their aspirations for shared currencies.

Around the same time as the Maastricht Treaty laid the foundations for European Monetary Union, the 1991 Treaty of Abuja set in motion the continent’s initial integration program, the African Economic Community (AEC). The AEC was soon supplanted by the African Union in 2002 and ultimately aspires to establishing a continent-wide currency – the Afro – by 2028. The project aims to include a full suite of institutions: an African Monetary Fund, African Investment Bank and African Central Bank… Click here to read full article.

Troika departed, time to party… like it’s 2007?

Remember the ‘good old days’? When budgets were giveaways, not hairshirts? When politicians ratcheted up the bidding to cut our taxes come election time? Sure, we didn’t need those billions from Stamp Duty. And, wasn’t income tax too high anyway? Yes, remember the good old days the next time you hear someone wax lyrical about why ‘we are where we are’.

So, where are we now then? The economy is still half banjaxed, even if it has been on the mend of late, but no sooner had the Troika rolled out of Terminal 2 than it was like déjà vu all over again. At a time when they’re still planning to make a billion or more in spending cuts at the next budget, government Ministers were hitting the airwaves with variations on the same tax cutting mantra. ‘Middle Ireland’ needs a break, apparently. Well, who doesn’t?
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Top Posts of 2013

This blog is two years old this week.

In 2013, two of the top three most popular posts in terms of hits were also in the top three for 2012, reflecting enduring interest in reading the tea leaves of Mexican politics during President Peña Nieto’s first, reform-heavy year in power (Mexico: A Political Risk Assessment; 2013 rank: 1; 2012 rank: 3) and in tracking the rise and fall of Ireland’s economy (The Boom Bust Life Cycle of Ireland’s Balance of Payments and Net Foreign Assets; 2013 rank: 2; 2012 rank: 2).

Third was an ‘Econ 101’ post breaking down the components of Irish GDP. Fourth was a post looking at Ireland’s Top 1%, and their income share which has been trending upwards since the mid-1980s. Rounding out the top five was a look at the psychology of taxation in the context of budget consolidation in Ireland.

Will 2014 be a happy new year?

Writing this time last year, I looked forward with trepidation to 2013 as another ‘year of living dangerously’. Risks abounded. Every silver lining presaged a cloud. The path ahead was strewn with banana skins and danger lurked around every corner. It’s not for nothing they call economics the dismal science!

Confounded by years and years of growth falling short of forecasts, of the recovery on the horizon being just another mirage, economists can be forgiven maybe for feeling that stagnation was the new normal.

But, could this time be different? Continue reading

Beyond the tyranny of GDP

Economists are fixated with what they can easily measure, but sometimes this means they can’t see the wood from the trees and focus on what is really important.

There are very good reasons why Gross Domestic Product, the sum of all goods and services produced for sale in an economy in a given time period, is the most widely watched economic indicator across the world. With adjustments for changes in prices over time and across countries, it is relatively easily comparable. When measured on a per capita basis, it is a useful – if far from perfect – proxy for the standard of living.

However, the intense focus on GDP numbers can distort public debate and political incentives as hitting growth targets becomes a holy grail. All growth is treated equally, no matter how broadly shared its benefits or how environmentally sustainable. People-centered priorities like jobs and incomes become secondary. Continue reading